Cheung Yan Chai

The Intangible City: Maps Layer That Listens, Breathes, and Guides Through Comfort.

Abstract

In contemporary navigation tools, efficiency has long been the defining measure of progress. Platforms like Google Maps guide millions of users daily, optimising routes by speed, distance, and popularity. Yet this emphasis on performance overlooks a subtler but equally vital dimension of accessibil- ity — sensory comfort. For individuals sensitive to sound or environmental stimuli, navigation is not only about arriving at a destination but about main- taining comfort and calm along the way. Sensory comfort in navigation matters because it reduces stress, improves safety, and enhances independence. It allows people to anticipate, regulate, and adapt to their surroundings, fostering confidence and wellbeing. For users with sensory sensitivities, including those who are neurodivergent, predictable and comfortable environments enable greater autonomy and social participation — outcomes that are central to inclusive design and urban accessibility (Dunn 2007; Yang, Lin & Yang 2021). This exegesis introduces Intangible City, a design-led research project that reimagines digital navigation through the lens of sensory comfort. Rather than proposing a new product, Intangible City explores how Google Maps — one of the world’s most widely used navigation tools could evolve to address sensory accessibility through a user experience (UX) update. The project focuses on two connected experiences: finding places that align with users’ sensory preferences (such as quiet cafés or low-stimulus areas), and navigating through the city in ways that sustain sensory comfort en route. Guided by the research question: How can sensory comfort be integrated into Maps to create more inclusive, human navigation? By focusing on noise and odour as a measurable and universally experienced sensory factor, this research seeks to transform a platform designed for efficiency into one that also considers comfort, emotion, and wellbeing. The project began with a narrower ambition: to design a map specifi- cally for neurodivergent individuals. However, early readings in inclusive design theory shifted this perspective. I learned that designing for inclusion should not isolate difference but normalise it. Inclusive design, as articulated by Oliver (1990) and Costanza-Chock (2020), challenges the notion that accessibili- ty is about fixing individuals. Instead, it asks environments physical and digital to adapt to human diversity. This conceptual shift led to a broader and more human approach: instead of designing for a specific group, I aimed to design a system that could benefit everyone while still addressing the needs of those most affected by sensory barriers. The methodological approach for Intangible City follows a user-cen- tred, iterative structure grounded in Design Thinking, the Double Diamond, and Human-Centred Design (IDEO 2015; Design Council 2019). Through stages of desktop research, persona development, user scenario mapping, MVP scoping, and wireframing, I explored how sensory data particularly noise and odour could be embedded seamlessly into Google Maps. Each stage functioned as both research and reflection, helping me test assumptions about sensory 4 perception, evaluate feasibility, and refine the project’s direction. The process was not linear. it involved navigating uncertainty, balancing technical possibili- ties with human needs, and continually revisiting the question of what inclusivi- ty means in practice (Friedman & Hendry 2019). The final design outcome proposes a sensory comfort update to Google Maps, introducing noise-level visualisations, comfort-first routing options, and community-driven sensory data features. The proposal builds on Google’s existing accessibility ecosystem from wheelchair-accessible routes to eco-friendly navigation demonstrating how sensory comfort could become the next frontier of inclusive mobility (Waller 2023). The motivation behind this project is deeply personal. A close friend of mine, who is neurodivergent a

  • The early phase of researching

  • This shape reshaped my product strategy focus from standalone app to an integration towards google map

  • The final phase with all the sensory updates proposal

  • Artefacts

  • Select Bibliography

    Dunn, W 2007, ‘Supporting children to participate successfully in everyday life by using sensory processing knowledge’, Infants & Young Children, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 84–101.

    Rios-Vega, R, Rodríguez, M & Martínez, J 2024, ‘Sensory-adapted environments and their impact on autistic children’s comfort and participation’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 212–224.

    Zardini, M (ed.) 2005, Sense of the city: An alternate approach to urbanism, Lars Müller Publishers, Montreal.